Improvement in plows



J. I. EAVE-NSON.

Plow.

No. 211,557. Patented Jan. 21,1879.

[ml/entan- /M. xgmw Witnesses:

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NFEI'ERS, PHDTO-LITHOGRAPPEER, WASHINGTON, D, C

Unrrri JAMES I. EAVENSON, OF PAOLI, PENNSYLVANIA.

IM PROVE M'ENT IN PLOWS'.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 211,557, dated January21, 1879 application filed December 19, 1878.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES INGRAM EAVEN- SON, of Paoli, in the county ofChester and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Flows and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part ofthis specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in plows; and it consists in thearrangement and combination of devices that will he more fully describedhereinafter, whereby the plow is more easily managed by the operator andthe draft made easier on the animal.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of my invention, showing the mold-boardremoved. Flg. 2 1S a section of the plow; Fig. 3, a detail view.

Fig. 4 is a section taken on line as w, and Fig. 5 is a perspective ofthe plow-point.

a represents the beam, which is secured upon the top of the standard I)by means of the bolts 0, which bolts pass up through slots in thestandard, so that the beam can be adjusted laterally when-so desired.The standard I) is made of the form shown, or any other that may bepreferred, and has the body d, to which the mold-board and point f aresecured, pivoted to it at its lower front end, so that the body willhave such a movement upon the standard as to cause the point to dipdownward and raise upward, according as the handles are raised orlowered. In the rear lower corner of the standard is formed an oblongopening or hole, 6, in which the eccentric iturns, which eccentric isrigidly secured to the lower ends of the two handles h. The

. pivot 0, upon which the eccentric turns, passes vents the plow frombecoming loose or shaky. WVhen the handles are in the proper place forplowing, the foot or flange p is just level with the bottom edge of theland-side, and runs smoothly in the bottom of the furrow; but as soon asthe handles are raised so that the spring-catch r catches in a highernotch of the ratchet the flange p is forced downward, and the point ofthe plow made to dip and the front end of the beam to rise upward, themovement of the front end of the beam being much greater and faster thanat the point of the plow. When the handles are depressed so that thecatch catches in a lower notch, the front end of the beam sinks downwardand the plow-point rises upward, thus enabling the plowman to raise theplow much more easily when the end of the furrow is reached and the plowhas to be turned around. The ratchet is formed on the end of theextension Z, and

the spring-catch has a rod connected to it, which runs back within easyreach of the plowman.

The plow-point is here shown as covering the whole front of the plow;but, if preferred, it may be made double-pointed, so as to bereversible, or in any of the known shapes. In order to make this pointself-sharpening, it is made convex on top and concave on its under side,and a flange, s, is made on each of its lower edges, as shown in Fig. 5,so as to strengthen it. These flanges project downward below the bot-tomof the land-side, so as to always run below the bottom of the furrow,and thus prevent the under side of .the point from being worn away. Thefriction of the earth upon its upper side wears away the metal at thispoint, and keeps sharpening the point as it wears away. Owing to theconcave of the point and its peculiar shape, the point has a suctionwhich causes it to stick to the earth as few other points will.

If so desired, the beam may be made to remain stationary instead ofmoving with the body or frame, when the frame will be made to move morerapidly and to rise upon its point when it is desired that the point rundeeper.

To the front end of the beam is pivoted the clevis t, which has a slot,1, in it, so that it can swing partly around upon the front of the beam,and this be'always in line with the draft.

Olamped directly to this clevis is the slotted standard 2, having thewheel 8 on its lower end. As this standard is secured to the clevis, itis evident that the wheel will move always with the clevis, and thusalso be always in a line with the draft instead of being always in linewith the beam, and causing a side draft whenever the team moves toeither side. By being always able to turn with the team, all that dragand side draft are taken from the team that is thrown upon them wherethe standard is clamped rigidly to the beam, in the usual manner, andthe wheel regulates itself.

If so desired the slot 1 in the clevis may be dispensed with, and onlythe single pivotal pin used.

Pivoted or otherwise secured to the standard, just over the top of thewheel 3, is the scraper 4, which may either operate from its own weightor from a spring, and which keeps the wheel always clean from mudand'dirt.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. The plow-standard, incombination with the body d, that has the mold-board and plowpointsecured to it, and a mechanism connected to and operated by the handlesfor moving the body upon the standard, substantially as shown.

In testimony that .I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my handthis 18th day of December, 1878.

7 JAMES I. EAVENSON.

Witnesses: I

W. S. D. HAINES, F. A. LEHMANN.

